US Treasury, public debt and cash

7,321 month-end rows of interest expense on the public debt (public issues and Government Account Series) across 47 expense group and security-type combinations: accrued interest, amortised discount and premium, savings bonds, TIPS inflation compensation and cash-basis GAS payments, each with the month's expense and the fiscal-year-to-date total in US dollars, from the Treasury's Fiscal Data "Interest Expense on the Public Debt Outstanding" table as of 2026-09-06.

8,386 daily observations of US federal debt outstanding, split into debt held by the public and intragovernmental holdings, from the Treasury's Fiscal Data "Debt to the Penny" series (1993 to 2026-09-05).

11,106 Treasury auctions with CUSIP, security type and term, auction, issue and maturity dates, offering and accepted amounts, bid-to-cover, high yield, investment and discount rates, and the split between indirect, direct and primary-dealer awards, from the Treasury's Fiscal Data auction query as of 2026-09-05.

4,659 month-end rows from Table 1 of the Monthly Statement of the Public Debt: debt held by the public, intragovernmental holdings and the total, in USD millions, for 17 security classes (bills, notes, bonds, TIPS, floating rate notes, Federal Financing Bank, Domestic, State and Local Government and Government Account Series, savings securities) plus the marketable, non-marketable and total public debt subtotals, from the Treasury's Fiscal Data API as of 2026-09-06. Subtotal rows have a blank security class.

5,009 month-end observations of the average interest rate the Treasury pays on its outstanding debt, for 22 security descriptions (bills, notes, bonds, TIPS, floating rate notes, savings securities, Government Account Series and the marketable, non-marketable and total interest-bearing aggregates), from the Treasury's Fiscal Data "Average Interest Rates on U.S. Treasury Securities" table as of 2026-09-06. Missing rates are blank.

16,586 account-day rows from Table I of the Daily Treasury Statement (operating cash balance) covering 16 account lines: the Federal Reserve Account and Treasury General Account, the Supplementary Financing Program, Tax and Loan Note accounts and short-term cash investments, with closing balance, opening balance, and the balances at the start of the month and fiscal year in USD millions, from the Treasury's Fiscal Data API as of 2026-09-06.

481,569 line-day rows from Table II of the Daily Treasury Statement (Deposits and Withdrawals of Operating Cash) covering 5,256 business days, 7 account types and 515 distinct categories: every deposit line (withheld, individual, corporate, excise, estate and unemployment taxes, customs duties, Federal Reserve earnings, agency and program receipts, public debt cash issues) and every withdrawal line (Social Security and Medicare benefits, Medicaid, defense, veterans, interest, tax refunds, public debt cash redemptions and department-level outlays), plus the daily sub-total lines and, since April 2022, the total lines (account types Treasury General Account Total Deposits and Total Withdrawals, which carry no category), each with the day's amount, the month-to-date and the fiscal-year-to-date amounts in millions of US dollars. The statement was redesigned on 1 October 2021 and 18 April 2022: earlier lines sit in the Federal Reserve Account, the Tax and Loan Note Accounts (to September 2012) and Short-Term Cash Investments (to April 2022), later lines in the Treasury General Account with department-level categories and daily total lines, so category labels are not continuous across the redesign; category_desc carries the sub-line description the older format used for the Deposits by States and Other Deposits and Withdrawals lines and is blank otherwise. From the Treasury's Fiscal Data API as of 2026-09-06.

41,359 observations across 18 US credit and banking series from FRED: consumer and revolving credit, card and total loan delinquencies, C&I loans, bank credit and deposits, reserve balances, overnight reverse repo, the Treasury General Account, lending-standards survey, auto and card rates, the Chicago Fed NFCI, the St. Louis Fed stress index and Baa/Aaa spreads. Long format, full history to 2026-09-05.

119,109 observations across 23 US external-sector series from FRED: the monthly goods, services and total trade balance with exports and imports on a balance-of-payments basis (Census Bureau and BEA), the quarterly current-account and goods balances from the BEA international transactions accounts, quarterly NIPA exports, imports and net exports, daily Federal Reserve H.10 spot rates for the Chinese yuan, Canadian dollar, Mexican peso, Japanese yen, South Korean won, Indian rupee, Brazilian real, Swiss franc, British pound and euro, and the monthly nominal broad, advanced-foreign-economies and emerging-market-economies dollar indices. Long format with series name, frequency and unit on every row, full history from FRED as of 2026-09-06.

3,809 country-year observations from the Excessive Deficit Procedure tables for 31 geographies (EU and euro-area aggregates plus every EU member state): general government consolidated gross debt and net lending/net borrowing, each as a percentage of GDP and in million euro, 1995 to 2025, from the Eurostat dissemination API as of 2026-09-06. Long format with na_item and unit on every row.

88,712 line-month rows from Table 5 of the Monthly Treasury Statement (Outlays of the United States Government) covering 137 months, 30 departments, agencies and offsetting-receipt groups and 480 distinct lines: every department and major agency with its bureaus, accounts and programs (Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid, defense, veterans, interest on the public debt), proprietary receipts and intrabudgetary transactions, undistributed offsetting receipts (employer retirement contributions, interest received by trust funds, Outer Continental Shelf rents and royalties), total outlays on- and off-budget and the surplus or deficit lines, each with gross outlays, applicable receipts and net outlays for the month, the fiscal year to date and the prior fiscal year to date in US dollars, from the Treasury's Fiscal Data API as of 2026-09-06. Every row carries the fiscal year, the line's level in the table hierarchy, its parent line and whether it is a detail or total line; blanks are amounts the statement leaves empty.

6,040 line-month rows from Table 4 of the Monthly Treasury Statement (Receipts of the United States Government) covering 137 months and 40 distinct receipt lines: individual income taxes (withheld and other), corporation income taxes, social insurance and retirement receipts by trust fund (FICA and SECA contributions, unemployment insurance, railroad and federal-employee retirement), excise taxes by trust fund, estate and gift taxes, customs duties, miscellaneous receipts (Federal Reserve earnings, the Universal Service Fund) and the on-budget, off-budget and total receipts, each with gross receipts, refunds and net receipts for the month, the fiscal year to date and the prior fiscal year to date in US dollars, from the Treasury's Fiscal Data API as of 2026-09-06. Every row carries the fiscal year, the line's level in the table hierarchy, its parent line and whether it is a detail or total line; blanks are amounts the statement leaves empty.